ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of zinc finger E-box binding homebox 1 (ZEB1) in the prepuce of hypospadias children and its relationship to the incidence of hypospadias.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Prepuce tissues were collected from 37 children aged 6-15 months undergoing hypospadias repair and 11 age-matched controls receiving circumcision. Based on the position of the urethral meatus, the hypospadias cases were classified as severe (n = 13) and mild-moderate (n = 24). The mRNA and protein expressions of ZEB1 were determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of the ZEB1 protein was remarkably higher in the severe (100% [13/13]) and mild-moderate hypospadias patients (75.0% [18/24]) than in the controls (9.1% [1/11]), with statistically significant differences between any two groups (P < 0.05). RT-PCR showed the integrated density value (IDV) of the ZEB1 mRNA expression to be (0.67 ± 0.21), (0.81 ± 0.24), and (1.55 ± 0.29) in the control, mild-moderate, and severe hypospadias patients, respectively, significantly higher in the severe hypospadias than in the control and mild-moderate hypospadias groups (P < 0.05), but with no significant difference between the latter two (P = 0.64).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of ZEB1 is significantly increased in hypospadias patients, and its upregulation is positively correlated with the severity of hypospadias, which suggests that the overexpression of ZEB1 may contribute to the development of hypospadias.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Male , Biomarkers , Metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Circumcision, Male , Foreskin , Metabolism , Homeodomain Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Hypospadias , Classification , Metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Penis , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , Transcription Factors , Genetics , Metabolism , Up-Regulation , Urethra , Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression and clinical significance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with bladder urothelial cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical staining for MIF was performed on tissue sections of 110 patients with bladder urothelial cell carcinoma and 10 normal controls, and the correlations between MIF and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Normal bladder urothelium from control subjects showed negative or weak staining of MIF. Of the cancer specimens, 72/110 (65.5%) showed a moderate to strong staining of MIF. The expression of MIF protein was found predominantly in the tumor cell cytoplasm and inversely correlated with tumor stage. 27 cases also showed a positive intranuclear staining of MIF, which was inversely correlated with tumor grade, stage and tumor size. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression of MIF in the cell nuclei was associated with disease-free survival for the cancer patients, but multivariate analysis showed that MIF was not an independent prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of MIF in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer tissues was more frequently than that in muscle-invasive disease, the positive staining of MIF in cell nuclei might be a favorable biomarker for patients with bladder urothelial cell carcinoma.</p>